In second angle, both top and front view are drawn above the x-line whereas in fourth angle its vice versa. In second and fourth angle method, top view and front view overlaps. hence we never use those methods. In first angle method, front view lies above the x-line and top view lies below. vice versa for third angle. As both the views lies on either side of x-line in first & third angle, we make use of these methods. (Abdul Karim)
Use the following formulas to convert average roughness (Ra) to other commonly used surface roughness parameters: R t = R a x 8.7 R z = R a x 7.2 R z ISO = R a x 7.6 R max = R a x 8.0 R p = R a x 3.6 RPM = R a x 2.9 RMS = R a x 1.1 The conversion formulas work regardless of whether R a is given in microinches (µin) or micrometers (µm). To convert metric R a to centerline average (CLA), use the following formula: CLA (µin) = R a (µm) x 40
The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the attractive young woman with the white cane made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and, using her hands to feel the location of the seats, walked down the aisle and found the seat he’d told her was empty. The n she’s settled in, placed her briefcase on her lap and rested her cane against her leg. It had been a year since Susan became blind. Due to a medical misdiagnosis she had been rendered sightless, and she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness, anger, frustration and self-pity. ‘How could this have happened to me?’ she would plead, her heart knotted with anger. But no matter how much she cried or ranted or prayed, she knew the painful truth, her sight was never going to return. A cloud of depression hung over Susan’s once optimistic spirit. All she had to cling to was her husband Mark. Mark was an Air Force officer and he loved Susan with all his heart. When she first lost her sight, he watche...
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